The African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), also known as the African savannaelephant, is one of two extant African elephantspecies and one of three extant elephantspecies. It is the largest living terrestrial animal, with bulls reaching a shoulderheight of up to 3.96 m (13 ft 0 in) and a body mass of up to 10.4 t (11.5 short tons).It is distributed across 37 African countries and inhabits forests, grasslands and woodlands, wetlands and agricultural land. Since 2021, it has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. It is threatened foremost by habitat destruction, and in parts of its range also by poaching for meat and ivory.It is a socialmammal, travelling in herds composed of cows and their offspring. Adult bulls usually live alone or in small bachelor groups. It is a herbivore, feeding on grasses, creepers, herbs, leaves, and bark.
The menstrual cycle lasts three to four months, and females are pregnant for 22 months, the longest gestation period of any mammal.
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